Self Awareness as a Component of Emotional Intelligence

I came to understand self awareness as recognition of our personality, our strengths and weaknesses, our likes and dislikes. Our ability to know ourselves inside out gives us media to be proactive, we know our weaknesses which naturally make us reactive but by being able to identify them, we can work on them and incorporate proactiveness in our dealings. Self awareness which is a personal competence is different from the other of its kind called â€Å"self regulation† because the latter has to do with self control, trustworthiness, conscientiousness, adaptability and innovativeness.Also it differs from the social competences which include empathy and social skill, while empathy is about developing others, being service orientated and cross cultural sensitivity. Social skill cuts across the ability to make influence, conflict management, cooperation and team work. Often times our self awareness can be a pre-requisite for effective communication, building relationships as well a s developing empathy for others, thus making â€Å"self awareness† the main pillar amongst the components of emotional intelligence.A person with excellent self awareness can discover that his ability to relate and communicate in the proper way with people in the morning is never the best; this is because he makes rude and derogatory statements without actually weighing it properly in his mind. Fully acknowledging this, he will be proactive by seeking solutions. The solution can either be scheduling the time he really meet people to be at a time he is fully conscious with his brain working efficiently. He can also deal with the root cause of why he pisses people off in the morning.In improving your self awareness, it is important to note the following, although self awareness can be in-born, it could also be learnt, the process of learning requires time, motivation to change, persistent practice and feed back. This is because no success can be achieved in life without desire and effort. The first skill to learn in developing self awareness is to â€Å"recognize and manage your emotion† it is important to be aware of your emotions and how they influence your thoughts and actions.This is because even if we deny them, we can’t eliminate them, they are still there whether we are aware of them or not. Unfortunately without self awareness we are not able to fully understand our own motivations and needs or to communicate effectively with others. The second skill to learn is â€Å"rapidly reducing stress†. When we’re under high levels of stress, rational thinking and decision making go out of the window. Being able to manage stress in the moment is the key to resilience. Self awareness helps us stay focused and in control-no matter what challenges you face.The third skill to learn is how to use humour to deal with challenges and conflicts, a good sense of humour is an antidote to difficulties. They lighten our burden and help us kee p things in perspective. The belief that learning emotional intelligence was learnt in group is false, rather an individual approach with the help of a coach should be employed. Also the neuro-transmitters of the limbic system and not the neocortex should be targeted when learning, finally it should be known that self awareness can not be learnt by mere reading about it without dedicated practical efforts.

Launch of a New Energy Drink

1.Possible outcomes of the launch Launching a new energy shot product presents a moral dilemma. Most energy shots are aimed at teenagers and young adults, and this target audience is known to put more trust into the ‘street cred’ of the product, rather than medical and government advise, so there is an opportunity for carving some share of the market, especially if we deliberately exploit the ‘rebel’ aspect of our product. On the other hand, given the ongoing media hype, there is also a chance of attracting negative publicity and becoming a scapegoat for the regulators. Eventually, this can result in long-term reputational damage and substantial (and unpredictable) litigation costs. We could, however, turn the situation to our advantage by launching a drink that will be based on a different stimulator than the notorious mix of caffeine and guarana – as long as it is technologically viable. Such drink would comply with the Food Safety Authority’s caffeine concentration standards and could be classified as a formulated caffeine beverage. We could then market it as a healthier alternative to the popular energy shots, so that it appeals both to the target audience and the general public. 2.Legal aspects The Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code (FSC) mandates that a formulated caffeine beverage must contain 145 to 320 milligrams of caffeine per litre1 (Commonwealth of Australia, 2009). Popular energy shots do not comply with this requirement: for instance, a 2-ounce Demon Energy Shot contains 200 mg of caffeine, i.e. 3333 milligrams of caffeine per litre (Energy Fiend, 2009). The trick here is that the producers label their drinks as dietary supplements which are exempt from the FSC requirements. However, it is not entirely unlikely that a legal clampdown on energy shots will follow: in Australia, the government of New South Wales aims to ban non-compliant energy drinks (AAP, 2009); back in New Zealand, retailers are pressed to restrict the sale of energy shots (Voxy News Engine, 2009). Moreover, according to an industry insider, the Food Standards Authority is currently working on a new standard for food-type substances sold as dietary supplements that is likely to tackle energy shots (Science Media Centre, 2009). It is thus important to think one step ahead and concentrate on developing an compliant energy shot. 3.Public Opinion In order to gauge the public opinion of the energy shots, I consider the opinions of medical professionals, food industry regulators and people from the street. A recent press release by the Science Media Centre provides the professional medics’ opinion on the impact of energy shots (Science Media Centre, 2009). The professional opinions vary from neutral to cautious to strongly negative. Dr David Jardine, Clinical Director of the Canterbury District Health Board, observes that he knows â€Å"of no bad effects [of caffeine] in children and pregnant women† and confirms that â€Å"humans seem to be able to deal with caffeine very well† (ibid). Dr Elaine Rush, Professor at Auckland University of Technology, is â€Å"very concerned about the sale of caffeine in large doses† and claims that â€Å"there are more problems than benefits associated with consuming caffeine† (ibid). However, she doesn’t launch any invectives at energy shots. Dr Jim McVeagh, a GP, â€Å"had to deal with a number of cases of teenagers having psychotic episodes following multiple cans of energy drinks† and claims that energy shots are â€Å"not a benign pick-me-up [but] a stimulant drug, pure and simple† (ibid). However, it is not clear if the ‘psychotic episodes’ of some teenagers that ‘followed multiple cans of energy drinks’ should be entirely attributed to caffeine. NZFSA Authority Director Geoff Allen admits that â€Å"new regulation to restrict sale or supply of these high caffeine energy drinks is not necessarily the whole or the best answer†. He also stresses that the energy shots that have been inspected by his office â€Å"have a caffeine advisory statement of some form, even though they're not required to† (ibid). To summarize, most medics agree that there is no clear evidence of harmful effect of caffeine onto healthy individuals. The regulator agrees that maximum recommended usage information should be provided by the producers of dietary supplements, but this requirement is already met by energy shot producers. To gauge the sentiment of the target audience of the drinks (males aged 14-25), I questioned five anonymous respondents in the streets of Auckland on 29 – 31 October 2009. The general sentiment is that of indifference. One of the respondents, who turned out to be a bartender in a night club, expressively claimed that he â€Å"doesn’t give a f**k† about the impact of caffeine as long as energy shots help him meet his professional and personal commitments. 4.Personal reflection In my personal opinion, there is nothing unethical about launching a new energy shot. The producers make it clear that energy shots are not designed for regular and frequent consumption: they aim to give a boost of energy when it is essential (e.g. when you are late with submitting a course essay), maybe at a cost of a period poor well-being after the effect of the shot wears off. The producers also make it clear that persons with poor caffeine metabolism or other health issues should consult a doctor before consuming a drink. Nippert & Gray (2009) make the case of a woman who suffered a heart attack as a consequence of regular consumption of 10 to 14 cans of Red Bull a day to shoot invectives at energy drinks. However, this case hardly supports their cause: even regular consumption of 10 to 14 blocks of chocolate can eventually send one to the intensive therapy ward. I am totally convinced that it is not the substance that should be controlled, but rather the urge to abuse it. As for the children, it is their parent’s responsibility to control that they do not take in unhealthy doses of potentially harmful substances, be it aspirin, alcohol, or energy shots.

Administrative Agencies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Administrative Agencies - Essay Example that govern production and operation of aircrafts, operating flight service stations, issuing commercial and private aviation licenses and carrying out research and development on existing aviation system (Federal Aviation Administration 1). Apparently, the roles played by FAA are necessary for ensuring efficiency and safety in U.S aviation industry. In addition, research and development carried out by FAA ensures that the aviation industry is adaptive to various technological and environmental changes. Similarly, NTSB U.S governmental agency that performs investigations on civil aviation accidents and other transportation modes. NTSB has a team of experts, referred to as Go Team, who carryout investigations on aviation accidents to establish the probable causes (National Transportation Safety Board 1). Although the NTSB has no enforcement powers, the body helps in identifying the ‘weak points’ in the aviation industry. In so doing, better solutions can be developed hence improving safety in the U.S transport sector. The DOT agency plays administrative roles in the management of Federal aviation, railroad, highway, transit and maritime. Not only does the DOT play administrative roles but also participates in research and development of modern technologies that improve efficiency and safety of the U.S transport systems. Primary roles of DOT in the aviation industry include congestion mitigation, enforce the implementation of National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and initiation of intermodal projects that promote efficiency (Department of Transportation 1). Therefore, the DOT is an important U.S agency because it ensures smooth running and efficiency of the aviation industry. In conclusion, the FAA, NTSB and DOT are government administrative agencies that regulate the U.S aviation industry. It is evident that the three agencies are keen in implementing new developments in order to optimize efficiency in the U.S aviation industry. In addition, the principal

Early America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Early America - Essay Example This story belongs to the oldest Seneca oral traditions. However, the author is Jeremiah Curtin, a white who got an opportunity to live among the people and interacted with them. The story appeared in the people’s local language but became available in English through the efforts of Hewitt. The story brings out the fact that human beings originally lived in better conditions that in the world as early Americans knew it. The people had a notion of heaven where they thought man originated (Johnson, 2012). In addition, they believed that sea creatures existed as well. The fate of the girl who fell from the sky ends up on earth, a dry land created as an island using soil from deep sea. This part of the story implies the curiosity of early Americans to understand how the separation of the seas and dry land occurred. The narrative then highlights how this woman became the ancestor of people on earth through the daughter she bore. However, the story does not explain how the conception of the daughter occurred. Regarding the daughter, the strength of the wind comes out as the source of conception. The story does not elaborate how this mystery occurred. The story highlights the origin of races because it refers to the offspring of the daughter as two sons having different complexions. According to the Seneca people, that was the origin of racial indifferences. The two sons then bring out the dominion of man over other animals. The story accords man immense power. He had the power to create and alter the creations. In addition, he was in a position to exercise dominion over the creation. From the story, the reader learns the origin of human disagreement from the comparison of work of the two brothers (Johnson, 2012). The story offers a reader some information about the beliefs of the earliest American people. However, it has its shortcomings. It does not explain majority of the

Politcal Theory- The Liber tarian approach Essay

Politcal Theory- The Liber tarian approach - Essay Example Government’s roles in the private lives of citizens and their activities include enacting contracts, protecting people’s property from theft and keeping peace. Sandel states that â€Å"if the libertarian theory of rights is correct, then many activities of the modern state are illegitimate, and violations of liberty† (60). Libertarianism implies that individuals have the right to do whatever they desire with their bodies and property, but refrain from harming other people without their consent or destroying their property. The contemporary social institutions have enforced and implemented laws, regulations, values and policies that prohibit some of the liberties that the libertarian approach consider as the right. These institutions in the society include political, social and economic institutions. Social institutions govern individuals’ relationship and interaction with other people such as religious values, beliefs and customs. Political institutions im plement laws and policies that prevent individuals from practicing unaccepted behavior while economic institutions deals with freedom in free markets. Libertarianism and Violation of Liberty According to Sandel (60), individuals have the right to ownership of their body and property. An individual has the right to consent to heinous acts such as cannibalism, scientific experimentations and assisted suicide. Cannibalism is defined as eating human flesh for the purpose of survival, experimentation or cultural beliefs. In the contemporary society, cannibalism is considered a crime punishable by serving a life sentence or death by lethal injection. However, there are people who want to experiment on the old customs of eating human flesh. There are two groups of people who participate in this agreement: the cannibals and the consenting adults who will be eaten. According to the libertarian approach, an adult who has the mental capacity to understand the experiment and know its consequenc es can consent to cannibalism. The society and the government must not intervene in such matters because people have the freedom and the right to make their own decisions about their bodies. The judicial system will be violating the rights of an individual to ownership by arresting and charging the individuals who participated in the acts of cannibalism or assisted suicide. Libertarian approach advocates for freedom to participate in leisure activities that do not cause harm to other people. Such leisure activities include consented pornography and prostitution. In the contemporary society, state laws and religious rules are enacted to prevent these unlawful acts. Watching and sharing pornography in schools, airplanes and other public areas are serious offenses that lead serving time in prison. Prostitution is illegal and shunned by religious groups. However, according to the libertarian approach, consenting to prostitution as a source of income is a person’s choice and prefe rence. Women who consent to selling sexual favors can do so according to their desires and projected outcomes. Pornography and prostitution are victimless crimes that do not violate or hurt other people. According to the libertarian approach, charging individuals for performing the above acts in a court of law violates their liberty to ownership. In the U.S, a few states have legalized the use of marijuana as a medical drug or leisure drug. Other states refuse to legalize this drug because of the moral constraints associated with it. According to

Forex exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Forex exam - Essay Example (Baillie, R & McMahon, P, 1990). Covered Interest Parity is also known as â€Å"Interest Rate Parity†. This theory is based on the assumption that in an effective market with no transaction cost, the interest difference should be equal to the forward differential. The currency of the country with a lower interest should be at forward premium in term of the currency of the country with the higher interest rate. When this condition is met, the forward mark is said to be at interest parity and equilibrium prevail in the market. Condition for Covered Interest Parity is as follow: The uncovered interest parity propagates that the interest rate differential is equal to the ex-post exchange rate change. Uncovered Interest Parity theory is more difficult to test as because expected exchange rate changes are unobservable, also assumes that there should be no transaction cost, perfect capital flow, equal default risk on foreign and on domestic market. The risk premium should be zero. It is s follow: As all of these theories are based on certain assumption like the market condition has to be perfect, there should be no restriction on free trade, no transaction cost should exist and the investors should be risk neutral. But in the real world, market conditions are not perfect neither free trade is possible. In many countries government imposes certain restriction on import and export of goods for economical welfare of their country. Transaction cost exists in the real world and the investors are not risk neutral; rather the investors are risk averse. So these theories do not hold in the real world. Foreign exchange market has to play a very vital role in the present globalized world. Foreign currency is the life blood which gets exchanged through foreign exchange market. There are many factors which affect the foreign exchange market directly or indirectly and bring efficiency in this market which are as

Book critique of monoculture by F.S Michael Essay

Book critique of monoculture by F.S Michael - Essay Example In particular, I do not practice the aspect of vegetarianism because of any specific reason since I do not have any particular end for it. However, this is reflected in different ways in the different chapters that are found within the book. Each of them aims at revealing how this issue is significantly undergoing change. The main point of this book is chiefly about monoculture. Its contents majorly revolve around the aspects of human beings that are experienced during day to day activities. This is because they mainly discuss whom we are, where we are approaching from and where we are headed towards. Thus, in monoculture one of such stories has taken over other stories and is narrowing down with a great level of diversity. As such it is creating some form of monoculture. The author discusses how the economic story rises especially with regard to how it can fundamentally change life. This is especially in relation to whom an individual is, what they know as well as whether they are r ight. As individuals go about the daily activities of their lives within a world that is driven by capitalism, people tend to lose touch with humanity as well as charity. The knowledge for the sake of freedom in the society is created by the control of a mono culture by the society. This is the case in every corner of life as Michael reflects in the issue of pervasiveness that is brought about by the attempt to privatize public goods. It is as a result of this that people have the right to choose the kind of services and goods that they would like to have within their lives.

Standard of Living Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Standard of Living - Essay Example Similarly, GDP only considers the goods the sold in the markets. However, it disregards other methods of production such as meal preparation, childcare, family laundry, house cleaning and home maintenance and repair. Economists argue that, if this was included in the total GDP, then it would present a true reflection of the economy. Another demerit of national income accounts is how GDP overlooks off-books production. This involves the underground economy that entails a market activity that is unofficial because of its illegality or because there is evasion of taxes. On that note, economists point that despite the limited records of the underground economy, it has a considerable contribution to the economy. For example, it is approximated that about 10% of the U.S GDP comes from the underground economy. Therefore, when this is added to the total GDP, it amounts to $1.5 trillion in 2011.finally, GDP does represent all costs. For instance, automobile pollution and oil spills are not included in the GDP transactions (McEachern,

Medina highschool footbridge design Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6750 words

Medina highschool footbridge design - Coursework Example The design of the bridge has to consider various elements such as the weight of the materials, foundation as well as the hydrology of the area. In the design, safety of the student is given the highest priority, but the structural competency is a necessity. This report encompasses the decision of the design, the materials used as well as the specifications for the design. The design that is to be chosen has to be ergonomic, economically viable and purposeful to the users. The nature of the design has to incorporate the readily available skill, material as well as funds, while ensuring the safety of the users and constructors. The design process has to ensure that the final design shall support the weight of the users, consist of measures against failures in overturning and sliding and also have features that can be repaired when need be. This report shall analyze possible designs and the incorporation of designs to carter for the needs of the community it is to be designed. Introduct ion Bridges are structures that are constructed to ease connectivity over a given area, while providing safe passage for the community in that particular region. The bridge is a construct that is cheap and solves the problem of congestion, in some cases the bridges are an attraction site based on the engineering done on the bridge. A bridge is mostly defined as a structure built to connect two points, usually built overhead. The bridge may be built over land or water depending on the needs and established necessity for the bridge. A bridge in the Medina high school area provides the students with a communication channel that minimizes the risks they would face in travelling using the road and tram network in the area near the school. From the behaviour patterns of the school and traffic, the need for a bridge in the region is justified. The morning and evening hours in the Medina region is under a lot of traffic with people reporting to their working stations and coming back home in the evenings. The considerations in the overall design of the bridge should include the mode of transport commonly used by students. Students are prone to using scooters, bicycles and skateboards. These factors should be considered in designing the pedestrian bridge. The following were the suggestions made by the class on the problem of the footbridge in the Medina area: Rationale for the development: The problem 1. Developments in retailing Whereas 100 years ago, all the major towns on the Isle of Wight were effectively self-contained, with examples of all types of shops (for example, butchers, bakers, grocers, clothing, hardware etc), modern supermarkets have tended to concentrate in the Newport town area. Part of the result of this has been to kill off small retail shops in the smaller towns and villages; even the general village store is having a hard time. We see examples of this when we visit Ventnor and Shanklin on the Isle of Wight (Geotechnics) field course. Not only are t he prices in the larger supermarkets better than in small shops (due to turnover), parking in many of the small towns is difficult. It is therefore important that people have access to Newport for their basic shopping. However, room for car parking is exhausted, and for those without cars, the journey to and from Newport is inconvenient, irregular and slow. In bad

OCD in Motion Picture Essay Example for Free

OCD in Motion Picture Essay As Good As It Gets is a movie that portrays the life of a person with a psychiatric disorder called obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The protagonist Melvin Udall (played by Jack Nicholson) is a novel script writer who lives in an apartment with Simon Bishop (played by Greg Kinnear) as his neighbor. Melvin’s odd behaviors make his life difficult when dealing with people around him. He is preoccupied with too many compulsions that he did not have time to build a healthy relationship with other people. He is not sensitive to the words he say not knowing that he is already hurting the person’s feelings. His life starts to change when Simon was hospitalized and Melvin was forced to take care of Simon’s dog, Verdell. The dog acted as a bridge for Melvin and Simon to become friends. Melvin also became close acquaintances with Carol Connelly (played by Helen Hunt), a waitress in the restaurant where he always dine. He falls in love with Carol but due to his unpredicted odd behaviors, Carol moves away from him. Thanks to Simon, he helped things become okay between Carol and Melvin. Deeply in love with Carol, Melvin tries to change his ways and the movie ended with a bright yet uncertain future. As the psychiatric disorder progresses, the patient as well as the people surrounding him starts to complain about his behavior. Below are several complaints the patient and his significant others have in the movie â€Å"As Good As It Gets†: Melvin to Simon: â€Å"Im clearing my head, dont like myself anymore. Im tired. † Melvin to Dr. Green: â€Å"Dr. Green, how can you diagnose someone with an obsessive- compulsive disorder and act as if he have some choice? Are you teasing me? † Carol to Melvin: â€Å" Dont you have any control of how creepy you are about to get? † â€Å"I want my life for just one minute but my biggest problem is somebody else has a free convertible so I can get out of this city! † â€Å"Stop it! Why cant I just have a normal boyfriend? Why? A regular boyfriend who doesnt go nuts on me! † Simon to Melvin: â€Å"Youre sick. Everything looks distorted and everything inside you. You hate everything so you can barely find a way to complain. † Generally speaking, the people are complaining about Melvins attitude. His attitude is so bothersome that it prevents him from building a healthy relationship with other people. Melvin tries to be nice to some people but his present attitude serves as a bias why most of them consider his kindness as an act of insult or deceit. He somehow develops an obsession with Carol. In order to know the problem of the client, it is better if the health provider would take some sort of history taking. History taking is important since it serves as a baseline to know the roots of a certain disorder. The history taking can be started with simple questions regarding the patients name, age, occupation and the like. Taking OCD into consideration, the health provider should ask specific questions that will help in understanding the disorder of the patient. If a patient is asked to describe his/her past childhood experiences, the client may state that he/she has experienced rigid toilet training. Toilet training is an important aspect that must be accomplished during toddler years. Considering the fact that autonomy must be favored more than shame and doubt, toilet training must be done in way the child practices his autonomy. The client may also say that whenever he/she experiences anxiety, he/she begins performing repetitive actions. Exploring deeper into the question, the client may also say that his compulsions or rituals take him several minutes or hours to accomplish. Attempts to stop these compulsions are reported to be unsuccessful. If asked about his/her relationship with other people, the client may say that he/she finds it hard to build a healthy relationship because his compulsions prevent him from doing so. In the movie, As Good As It Gets, actor Jack Nicholson portrays the role of a person with an obsessive compulsive disorder. Obsessive compulsive disorder is an anxiety disorder wherein the person has recurrent unwanted thoughts called obsessions. To relieve the anxiety brought by these thoughts, the person is involved in repetitive behaviors such as hand washing, checking and counting. These so called rituals or compulsions reduce a persons anxiety while deprivation from these rituals increases the person’s anxiety. However, the action only provides temporary relief. Jack Nicholson shows odd behaviors which add humor to the movie. Whenever he washes his hands, he always uses a new soap then throws it away. He also avoids stepping on the cracks on the floor whenever he goes outside his apartment for a walk. At the same time, he feels that he should eat on the same table in his favorite restaurant and even bring along his plastic utensils whenever he dines there. The way of locking and unlocking the doors of his apartment is complicated as well as turning the lights on and off. He needs to follow certain number of times before getting over with it. He is characterized as verbally abusive which offends people most of the time. He also lives in solitary and has no friends at all, although he is considered as a famous novel writer. Those living with this kind of people find themselves in a state of frustration. The obsessions as well the compulsions make the lives of these people difficult. To support the diagnosis of OCD on Melvin Udall, certain criteria must be met with DSM TV IR. Obsessions of a client with OCD must be intrusive, inappropriate, recurrent, and persistent, and causes distress and anxiety. There are unsuccessful attempts to ignore the obsessions with positive adaptive actions and thoughts. People with this disorder are not excessively worried about real life problems and they usually recognize that these obsessions are produced by their own thoughts. On the other hand, the compulsions of a person with OCD are converted to repetitive behaviors such as hand washing, counting, and arranging things according to color, height, and the like. They display these excessive behavior or mental acts for them to prevent distress or frightening events. At some point during the course of the disorder, the client will recognize that these excessive thoughts and behaviors are inappropriate or unreasonable. The compulsions themselves are time consuming and they interfere with the client’s ability to perform for their daily needs. Such needs would include food, occupation, social activities, and healthy relationship with other people. Lastly, these obsessions and compulsions are not side effects of other substances such as alcohol or medications. They are merely coping mechanisms for a person to relieve anxiety. Considering that the patient has obsessive compulsive disorder, sets of treatment are planned to help relieve the patient’s anxiety. Treatments or interventions can be divided into three: therapeutic relationship, psychopharmacology, and milieu management. Starting off with the therapeutic relationship, the nurse must ensure that the basic needs such as food, clothing, grooming, and the rest are met by the client. Client has less time in dealing with these activities since they are preoccupied by their obsessions and compulsions. Provide time for the patient to finish the ritual. Setting limits has more advantage than stopping the ritual abruptly because it may ensue panic than relief. Prepare simple yet structured activities for the client. This is a good and productive diversion for the client’s obsessive compulsive behavior. Whenever the client demonstrates a non-ritualistic behavior, give praise or recognition. This will increase self-worth and self-esteem. Be empathic with the client and be aware of the need in performing the rituals. It will convey acceptance and understanding on the client’s situation. Certain drugs also help the patient deal with OCD. Clomipramine is considered as the drug of choice in dealing with these clients. However, a certain group of drug is said to be effective for this kind of psychiatric disorder. They are called Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI). SSRI is a kind of antidepressant that treats depression, anxiety disorders, and some personality disorders. As the name suggests, it prevents the reuptake of serotonin whose action is to elevate the mood. Since OCD is an anxiety disorder, it is proven to be effective and helps in dealing with the anxiety of the patient. Some of SSRI drugs commonly used are fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, and sertraline. However, one should watch the side effects of these drugs. SSRIs are known to cause gastrointestinal symptoms like nausea and diarrhea. They are also known to cause anticholinergic effects as well as sexual dysfunction. Milieu management also helps in the treatment of anxiety disorders particularly the cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). Although rooted in two different theories, it is found to be effective in treating patients with anxiety disorder. The basic concept of using the CBT in anxiety disorders is systematic desensitization or in vivo approach. It is believed that fear is learned and continued to be learned unless the client is exposed to certain stimuli. Initial exposure causes an increase in physical and emotional distress. As the desensitization therapy progresses, the client then will learn how to unlearn hi/her fear. In OCD, there is what we call exposure with response prevention which is directly under the CBT. The aim of CBT is the same with systematic desensitization. Nonetheless, as anxiety is relieved, so is the ritualistic behavior of the client. Others would also consider thought stopping, a technique wherein the client’s intrusive obsessions are substituted with adaptive ones such as deep breathing or walking. As the treatment goes, several outcomes must be predicted in order to evaluate whether the treatment is effective or not. It can be short term or long term. Short-term outcomes would include the following: 1. Patient will be able limit the time needed in performing rituals. 2. Patient will report and identify strategies and actions that will be substituted for compulsions. 3. Patient will be able to finish and focus on the structured activities given to them by their health provider. These short-term outcomes must be followed in order for the client to achieve long-term outcomes. Nonetheless, long-term outcomes would include: 1. Patient will be able to develop strong and healthy relationship with the people surrounding him/her. 2. Patient will be able to substitute compulsions with positive adaptive behaviors and thoughts. References Ziskin, L. (Producer), Brooks, J. L. (Director). 1997. As Good As It Gets [Motion Picture]. United States: TriStar Pictures

Life And Work Of Abu Ali Ibn Sina

Life And Work Of Abu Ali Ibn Sina Ibn Sina, Abu Ali (Latin Avicenna) (980-1037), a scholar of encyclopedic, physician and philosopher. He was born near Bukhara in Afshane 16 August 980. The father of Ibn Sina, Bukhara officer, a native of Balkh, while the capital of Greco-Bactrian kingdom, gave his son a systematic education at home, awakened in him at an early age the desire for knowledge. Soon, Abu Ali has surpassed his teacher and started an independent study of physics, metaphysics and medicine, referring to the works of Euclid, Ptolemy and Aristotle. If Euclid and Ptolemys Almagest did not give the young Ibn Sina the great difficulties that the Aristotelian Metaphysics demanded from him a lot of effort. Up to forty times he took a reading, but I could not comprehend the depth of its content has not encountered a book seller in writing of al-Farabi on to metaphysics, the commentary on the works of Aristotle. As a philosopher Ibn Sina belonged to the direction of Falsafah, eastern peripatetizma. Did much to develop the philosophical vocabulary in Arabic and Persian languages. Defending and developing the philosophical system of Aristotle, Ibn Sina gave in his writings, considerable attention logic, the doctrine of causality, the first reason, matter and form of knowledge, categories, principles of organization of thought and knowledge. In the teachings of Ibn Sina are constantly present two approaches to the description of the world: the physical and metaphysical. When he talks as a physicist, it paints a picture of things in terms of movement, space, time and natural determinism, has things in order from simple to complex, from the inanimate to the living and completes the most complex organism, endowed with reason, a man. In this picture, the mind is regarded as closely connected with the body, to matter: Soul arise when there is a corporeal substance, suitable to use it the soul (Book of the soul). This matter the brain, various departments which correspond to different mental processes. Storage is a general feeling of power performance, and it is located in front of the brain. That is why, when this part is damaged, the scope of representation is violated. Store that accepts the idea is a force called memory, and it is located in the back of the brain. The middle part of the brain was created as a place of power of imagination. Considering the different mental states and events: sleep, dreams, power of suggestion, predictions, prophecies, pondering the mysteries and miracles, called Ibn Sina reveal the cause of all this, based on the laws of nature. The concept of a strictly ordered world, the slave laws of determinism, is one of the central points of the philosophy of Avicenna. A number of causal dependence, rising to one another generating reasons for ending the first cause, which, being the active principle (the will), releases its potentiality, which mediated a number of steps, there is a multiple created world. Solving the problem of not only the reality of the world, but its independence from the Creator, Ibn Sina has focused on the topic of the possible and necessary. The basic idea of Arabic peripatetics the idea of the world, opportunities are already contained in the Uniform and therefore sovechnogo Creator. Adhering to the Peripatetic tradition in his doctrine of causality, Ibn Sina gave up hard determinism: the existence of vozmozhnosuschego is not necessary in itself and becomes such a result will change neobhodimosuschego as the first cause, giving rise to the subsequent series and own who were making them necessa ry. First, first principle is the only thing originally to itself. Everything else derives from it, and therefore only possible. But since there is a reason, the possibility, the latter is in turn a necessity and as such a necessary cause of the next generation. Thus, the first reason is just the first jolt, in the future world of things is determined by causal dependence within himself. Another important point is the philosophy of Ibn Sinas doctrine of the soul. Noting the indispensable bond of mind with bodily matter, Ibn Sina, in contrast to Aristotles interest in mind as well as a special, netelesnoy substance that existing in the body, differs from him and dominates him, it is not simply a form that exists in a solid substrate, it does not attach to the body, and (in the terminology peripatetizma) creates the human body as a creator, is the cause of the body. Potential mind through learning, mastery of knowledge is urgent. Reaching the top step, grasping the abstract forms, purchasing power of the active intellect, he is acquired. At this stage of the work of the mind can no longer depend on external impressions, and even the state of the body, thinking about thinking connection with the body, with matter rather a hindrance. Such a mind does not need to own who were studying intelligible he understands them directly, intuitively. In the acquired human mind is l ikened to the potency of the first principles of all things (On the soul). The man a free, sovereign being. His mind is not only the recipients of external impressions, but also a focused subject, projecting the idea. Independence of mind from the body of Ibn Sina argued its indivisibility, as well as the ability to work and even its gain with the weakening of the body, feelings, etc. A good argument in favor of netelesnosti mind is described by Ibn Sina introspective experience, the image of the so-called floating people. If you think that your entity once created with common sense and perfect form, and we assume that parts of it are hidden from view and shall not come into contact, and separated from each other and hang some time in the outdoors, then you will find that it forgets everything except the assertion of individuality , which consists in the mind (hints and instructions). In this experience the person is aware that I am I, even if I do not know that I have an arm, leg or any other authority, I stayed I would have, even if they were not there (On the Soul) . As netelesnoy soul is immortal, as vnutritelesnoy individually, and, moreover, forever (the concept of individual immortality). Accordingly, the mans knowledge of itself (introspection) unremovably individually. On this understanding of Ibn Sina mind and forms of knowledge influenced Sufism and personal experience Tariqah (Sufi way to God). This is reflected in its pure Sufi works: A Treatise on the Haya, son of Yakzana, the Epistle of the Birds, Salman and Absalom, etc.

Mathematical Order in the Artwork of Leonardo Da Vinci Essay -- Art It

Mathematical Order in the Artwork of Leonardo Da Vinci A large portion of the Italian Renaissance was an obsession with finding order in everything in the universe. Its primary actors sought to show nature as orderly and fundamentally simple. Leonardo Da Vinci, the epitome of the Renaissance Man, was not the first to apply these ideas of geometric order and patterns to art, but he may be the most well known. Da Vinci used mathematical concepts like linear perspective, proportion and geometry in much of his artwork. Leonardo was born on April 15, 1452 in Vinci, a town 50 kilometers west of Florence in what is now Italy. The illegitimate son of a notary, he grew to become one of the most renowned and influential men in the fields of art, engineering, architecture, mathematics and natural science. The world was just awakening from the Dark Ages. Sigmund Freud once wrote, â€Å"He was like a man who awoke too early in the darkness, while others were still asleep† (Brizio, 7). Much of his work was lost because of the time period he lived in. The primary artifacts of his work remaining today are the many paintings he did and the numerous notebooks filled with detailed diagrams of everything from human anatomy to theoretical inventions. They are filled with detailed descriptions and explanations scribbled right to left so only those intelligent enough could read them. Leonardo did intensive studies on linear perspective. He applied this method to much of his work. According to the Thames and Hudson Dictionary of Art Terms, linear perspective is â€Å"the method of representing a 3-D object or a particular volume of space on a flat surface.† By making all of the lines in the painting converge on an single, invisible point on the horizon,... ...tic of the Italian Renaissance, is sometimes criticized. But he created harmony and balance in such a unique and beautiful way that his work is still studied 500 years later. Bibliography [1] Brizio, Anna Maria, The Painter. Leonardo: The Artist, McGraw-Hill Co., 1980. [2] Emmer, Michele, Art and Mathematics: The Plutonic Solids. The Visual Mind: Art and Mathematics, MIT Press, 1993 [3] Pioch, Nicholas, Web Museum, Paris.: Leonardo Da Vinci. http://metalab.unc.edu/wm/paint/auth/vinci/ (9/20/99). [4] Rosstad, Anna, (translated by Ann Zwick), Leonardo Da Vinci: The Man and the Mystery. Ostlands – Postens Boktrykkeri, 1994. [5] Turner, Richard A., Inventing Leonardo. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1992. [6] Zwijnenberg, Robert, The Writings and Drawings of Leonardo Da Vinci: Order and Chaos in Early Modern Thought. Cambridge University Press, 1999.

Harriet Jacobs Incidents In The Life Of A Slave Girl Essay -- Feminis

Harriet Jacobs' Incidents In The Life Of A Slave Girl The feminist movement sought to gain rights for women. Many feminist during the early nineteenth century fought for the abolition of slavery around the world. The slave narrative became a powerful feminist tool in the nineteenth century. Black and white women are fictionalized and objectified in the slave narrative. White women are idealized as pure, angelic, and chaste while black woman are idealized as exotic and contained an uncontrollable, savage sexuality. Harriet Jacobs’ Incidents in the Life of A Slave Girl, brought the sexual oppression of captive black women into the public and political arena. Harriet Jacobs takes a great risk writing her trials as a house servant in the south and a fugitive in the north. Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl gives a true account of the brutality slavery held for women. A perspective that was relatively secretive during Jacobs’ time. Jacobs’ narrative focuses on subjugation due to race but it also portrays many women an strong and often open roles. Women in these roles were minimal and often suffered for their outspoken roles. Harriet Jacobs’ narrative is a powerful statement unveiling the impossibility and undesirability of achieving the ideal put forth by men and maintained by women. Jacobs directs her account of the afflictions a woman is subjected to in the chain of slavery to women of the north to gain sympathy for their sisters that were enslaved in the south. In showing this, Jacobs reveals the danger of such self disapprobation women maintained by accepting the idealized role that men have set a goal for which to strive. She suggests that slave women be judged by different standards than those applied to other women. Jacobs develops a moral code that apprises the specific social and historical position of captive black women. Jacobs’ will power and strength shown in her narrative are characteristics of womanly behavior being developed by the emerging feminist movement. In struggling against the brutal dynamics of a system that simultaneously set before her ideals of a true woman, but refused to acknowledge her as a human being, Jacobs emerges scarred but victorious. Her rational powers and will to action facilitate her efforts to find strategies for dealing with sexual harassment from her master, for maintaining family unity, and in estab... ...denying society’s firm position for women by refusing to be owned, refusing to submit , and refusing to be bought out of her captivity. Linda rejects the notion of true womanhood that has been passes on for centuries and takes control of her future and her children’s future. Linda gains her peace by escaping to the north. Harriet Jacobs’ Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl is one of the few narratives depicting the degradation’s endured by female slaves at the hand of brutal masters. Jacobs’ narrative is sending a message to women to come together and end the unfair treatment all women are subjected to. By bringing images of slavery and the message of unity of women to the forefront, Jacobs is attempting to end the tyranny over women perpetrated by men and the tyranny over blacks perpetrated by whites. Integrity and agency are ideals that Americans have fought for over the years. Jacobs reshapes these ideas and makes decisions and takes full reposibilities for her actions to become the ideal and representative image of womanhood. Work Cited: Gates, Henry Louis Jr. and Nellie Y. McKay. The Norton Anthology of African American Literature. New York: W.W. Norton & Company

Knowledge Based Expert System in Transportation Engineering and Traffic

Knowledge Based Expert System in Transportation Engineering and Traffic Adaptive Signal Control System I. Abstract Advances in computer technologies have been changing transportation field. Based on those, Intelligent Transportation System has been proposed and being developed for the next generation transportation system. This system requires more utilization of Artificial Intelligence, such as Knowledge Based Expert System, than current one. Although Knowledge Based Expert System has not been robustly studied in the field of transportation, it is suggested to be implemented in Traffic Adaptive Signal Control System as a part of Intelligent Transportation System. Therefore, it is fundamental to overview that what the current position of Knowledge Based Expert System in transportation is. It will help to construct a specialized knowledge on and understand that system in Transportation. Previous applications of Knowledge Based Expert System in transportation field are briefly reviewed, and potential implementations are discussed by focusing on Traffic Adaptive Signal Control System in this paper. Key words: Knowledge Based Expert System, Intelligent Transportation System, Traffic Adaptive Signal Control System. II. Introduction Advances in computing have dramatically changed the transportation field in the last decades. These enhance the speed and credit of traffic analysis and allow transportation engineers to study various problems that would not be possibly answered without computer techniques, such as simulations. On the other hand, transportation system have been experienced congestion during its peak hours. To solve this, its facilities have been expended in order to increase their capacity by means of adding addit... ...ion Support Architecture For Advanced Traffic Management" Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Irvine, CA September 1989. 6. Dell'Olmo P. and Mirchandani P. "An Approach for Real-time Coordination of Traffic Flows on Networks", Paper No 950837, Transportation Research Board's 74th Annual meeting, Washington D.C., January 1995. 7. Stack R. and Ritchie S.G., "Real-Time Expert System for Freeway Incident Management" Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Irvine, CA, December 1993. 1. These are SCEPTRE (Surface Condition Export for Pavement Rehabilitation), OVERDRIVE (Overlay Design Heuristic Adviser) and Network Optimization. 2. In addition, it has resulted that each method from those five research centers is applicable in different traffic condition also.

Systems, Processes, Education And Training: Help For Nurses To Promote Patient Safety

Hospital mission statements provide a statement of purpose. They inspire employees to provide quality care. Remembering your mission statement in crucial situations can help stakeholders refocus and think more critically. In Nursing, there are many resources available, to which nurses can refer, to obtain information and education to assist them in providing quality care, based on scientific knowledge. This paper is an analysis of the Task 1 scenario involving Mr. J. in the RTT1 course. After assessing the scenario involving Mr. J. , several nursing sensitive indicators are apparent.He is at risk for falls due to drowsiness, an altered cognitive status, a fractured hip and a history of falling. He is inappropriately restrained, there is an ethical issue that affects patient satisfaction, and he is at risk for pressure ulcers. When nurses and nursing staff are aware of the guidelines set forth by their organization, state licensing agencies and regulatory agencies, they can better ser ve their clients and offer an improved quality of care. Some state licensing agencies and regulatory agencies require hospitals to meet certain quality standards.The Joint Commission (TJC), is a regulatory agency that is used by many hospitals. They survey hospitals to evaluate whether they meet accreditation requirements. Hospitals must show evidence of high quality and safe care. Hospitals with TJC accreditation, collect data on their performance, which is evaluated and measured against other accredited hospitals. TJC has standardized goal sets for hospitals, such as Quality Improvement goals and National Patient Safety Goals. (TJC, 2000). Accredited hospitals are expected to act in accordance with these goals.Nurses should understand some of the history of the urgent call for quality improvement in healthcare and how to reduce preventable errors. In 2000, a book entitled, â€Å"To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health System†, was published. In this report by the Institute of Medicine (IOM), experts reveals statistics of medical errors that occur in hospitals, and presents recommendations for improving patient safety. The report has widespread implications that assist regulatory agencies, nursing associations and government agencies to collaborate and implement new processes to improve patient care and safety (IOM, 2000).In 1998, the American Nurses Association developed the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators, (NDNQI). (Montalvo, 2007). NDNQI is used by hospitals to help improve patient care outcomes. NDNQI has a set of quality measures that hospitals use for collection and submission of their data. In the scenario with Mr. J. , he has several nurse sensitive indicators that warrant documentation as reportable quality measures such as fall risk, physical restraint prevalence, pressure ulcer prevalence and patient satisfaction. These indicators suggest that the patient needs a higher quality of care.With the advent of electronic health re cords, nurses can document their findings in a more standardized manner. Aggregate data is more easily obtained with electronic records. When the data is submitted, it can be compared to other hospitals and it can be compared nationally. The process promotes performance improvement. Nurses must be well informed about nurse sensitive indicators, so that they can more effectively manage the bedside care, collaborate with the treatment team, make changes to the plan of care, monitor the effectiveness of the nursing interventions and evaluate the outcomes.The measurement of these outcomes will assist the nurse in having knowledge about the effectiveness of the care they provide. In regard to the ethical issues in the scenario with Mr. J. , the supervisor should utilize problem solving skills. A tried and true measure, is the nursing process. When problematic situations arise, the nurse should assess, analyze and diagnose, plan, implement and evaluate. This process helps the nurse to thi nk more critically to arrive at a quality resolution.Even though the patient is confused at times, he should be notified of the error and assessed for any gastrointestinal discomfort and any spiritual upset. A meeting should occur with the staff involved, including the kitchen supervisor. After conferring with a nurse manager, the supervisor should utilize effective empathetic communication to notify the daughter and to apologize.The daughter should also be informed of measures that will be implemented to prevent another occurrence of wrong diet. The supervisor  should instruct the RN to document an incident report to be used internally by nursing managers, and administrative staff, to help put processes in place to prevent reoccurrences. The incident should be discussed by the patients’ treatment team, including the nurse, the doctor, the dietitian, and social worker. When new processes are to be implemented, the people involved require adequate education and training. Emp loyees should be fully informed about the processes and systems in place to assist them with delivering high quality patient care.

Juvenile and Adult Courts Essay

One dilemma that is an issue in our society is crime among our youths. Crime is everywhere that is caused by both adults and youth. Daily we hear of murders, robberies, and rapes that have been committed by juveniles. The Juvenile Court with Adult Court is different and similar in the criminal justice system. A look at the juvenile history in 1643 a sixteen year old boy was put to death for sodomizing a cow. Today many states disagree in the execution of juveniles. In the present day the increasing violence, both juvenile and adult system has changed over the years (Simmons 2002). The juvenile philosophy in juvenile courts was to offer the youth an individualized justice and treatment instead of imparting justice and punishment. The juvenile court is different then adult court and from earlier periods of American history was the idea of protecting the children. The focus is treatment and the best interest of the child in the disposition. Since the increase of serious violent crimes by juveniles policymakers have argued for tougher penalties are needed in deterring crime among juveniles. This caused an increase of juveniles in adult courts. It seems that tougher policies have not decrease or deter juveniles for committing serious crimes. There are five major ways juveniles get transferred to adult courts. 1. Discretionary judicial wavier, 2. Mandatory judicial wavier, 3. Presumptive judicial wavier, when the burden of the proof is on the juvenile courts is more appropriate, 4. Prosecutorial direction to charge in adult court, 5. Statutory exclusion provision, which automatically exclude certain  juveniles due to their age (Simmons 2002). Similarities: Juvenile and Adult. You can ask yourself two questions? Do juveniles who are in adults court getting treated harsh compared to theses in juveniles court? Do juveniles in adults court not repeat offense that those in juvenile court? According to the Serious Violent Juveniles Offenders study group no real study has been done on the two questions many of us ask ourselves. The juvenile/adult justice system refers to the police, the juvenile/adult courts, their intake and probation officers, attorneys for the state and the juvenile/adult/parents, juvenile/adults detention/jail faculties, juvenile/adult correctional faculties, social worker that place juveniles that are court ordered. Each area of the system has different discretions that keep the system in check. Juveniles/adults both have the right to receive Miranda warning. Juveniles/adults are protected from prejudicial lineups producers (Kalinich, Klofas, & Stojkovic 2003). Equivalent guidelines protect juveniles and adults from admitting guilt. Prosecutors and defense attorney both have a significant responsibility in both juvenile and adult advocacy. Juveniles and adults have both the right to a counsel for the court proceedings. Similarities of negotiation or plea barging exist in both juveniles and adults offenders. Juveniles and adults both have the right to a hearing and appeal. Juveniles and adults can be both placed on probation. Both juveniles and adults can be detaining for pretrial in jail. Juveniles and adults can be kept in jails without bail, if they are a threat or dangerous. After the trail both juveniles and adults can be placed into a treatment program (Kalinich, Klofas, & Stojkovic 2003). Diferences: Juveniles and Adult. The juvenile and adult systems are similar in many ways and yet are also different in many ways. In the juvenile system the standard of evidence of juvenile delinquency adjudications, in adult court trail it is the proof  beyond a reasonable doubt (Kalinich, Klofas, & Stojkovic 2003). The vital purpose of the juvenile courts is to protect and treatment for the child. Whereas adults the focus is to punish the guilty. Age determines the jurisdiction for a juvenile in juvenile court. The nature of the offense determines jurisdiction in the adult system (Kalinich, Klofas, & Stojkovic 2003). Juveniles proceeding are not considered criminal; adult proceedings are. Juvenile court proceeding are usually informal and confidential. Whereas adult courts are held more formal and are open to the public and are not confidential. Courts can release the identity or any information about a juvenile in a trail to the media, but the courts must release any information regarding an adult to the media (Kalinich, Klofas, & Stojkovic 2003). Juveniles can be detained for acts that would not be considered criminal if they were adults, status offense. In the juvenile court parents/guardians are involved in every step of the proceedings, but not in the adults’ process. The juvenile can be release to their parents/guardians supervision if the charge is not a felony or if there is a need for protection. Adults if not a threat or dangerous are given a possibility for bail (Kalinich, Klofas, & Stojkovic 2003). Some major differences between juveniles and adults are the issue that juveniles have no right to a jury trail, adults have that right. Juveniles who are questioned by a police officer can just give their names and address; they parents/guardians must be notified. Juveniles can be searched but must express rejection, but in a school sitting a search without probable cause is valid. For adults they are detained and must answer any question they choose to answer without an attorney, searches are done for officer safety, probable cause must be present. A juveniles’ record can be sealed at the age of maturity, usually at the age of 18 years old. For adults the records are permanent (Kalinich, Klofas, & Stojkovic 2003). Benefits and disadvantages of juvenile court from the perspective of a youth offender. The death penalty is a conservational issue in the criminal justice system today. Capital punishment is allowed in 35 states. Over the past years some of those that were executed were seventeen years old when they committed the crime of murder. The Supreme Court ruled in the case of Thompson v. Oklahoma 1988 that it is unconstitutional to execute juveniles who commit a crime at the age of 15 years old (Kalinich, Klofas, & Stojkovic 2003). Then a year later the Supreme Court ruled a juvenile who commits a crime at the age of 16 can be executed. Even though Thompson’s life was spared this still leaves a question whether juveniles’ murders are criminals who deserve to die or whether or not they can be rehabilitate to learn to live a productive life. The issue is more conservational for executing juveniles then adults (Allard, Young. 2002). Despite the rights secured by the case Gerald Gaullt, juveniles can still de deprived of some freedom for actions that would be considered criminal if an adult. Some of these offenses are truancy, running away, and incorrigibility. Juveniles are minors and are immature, incapable and protection is waived if they commit an adult crime. The juvenile system is been criticized because children have many rights that caused the fine line to be less define between childhood and adulthood (Kalinich, Klofas, & Stojkovic 2003). Thinking for a juvenile offender is the fresh beginning of a new life after the age of 18 years of age, juvenile records are sealed. The idea that you can be treated and to understand a life of crime only makes life harder when becoming an adult. Societal implications of abolishing juvenile court. The juvenile system is set up to protect the best interest of the child. Since the change of crime and time juveniles are committing adult crimes. The system is so well establish. Judges preside over juvenile court in all  states. The implication of doing away with the juvenile system will just only cause confusing and cause the system to obstruct the entire criminal justice system. Recommendations for the future of the Juvenile Justice system. The juvenile court of the future will likely remain in our society. The focus of the future juvenile court is to intervene on behalf of children and families in crisis. The court’s jurisdiction in the future maybe to focus less on delinquent cases that involved juveniles who are older and have committed serious crime. The focus of the best interest of the child will remain the foundation of the system (Roleff 2000) The future of children’s rights lie in the hands of every state. The history of the juvenile justice system has brought its own political, economic, and social challenges, their will always be conservational issues. The future of the system is that children now have the real opportunity to express their voice and ideas on how they can improve their world. The future goal should focus on early intervention, the juvenile court personnel must work outside the system to find the best for the child. A continuing characteristic of the system will always be age based jurisdiction (Roleff 2000). The future trend in the juvenile system will be the issues of juveniles begin transferred to adult court. The fine line of juvenile court borderlines between adult courts of those juveniles who commit a serious crime. Risk Assessment is tools that are completed for every juvenile that enters the court system. The assessment should change with time, to fit the juvenile. These programs that are resulted from the assessment focus, on prevention or rehabilitation. Prevention programs are to prevent juveniles from becoming delinquents. Rehabilitation programs are to focus on reducing delinquency. And just maybe with their voice and their parents and the help of each state will conventionality change future ideas. I work at the Pima County Adult Detention Center here in Tucson; the jail holds juveniles who have committed adult crimes in the West Facility. The unit is considered a specialized unit; the unit uses a point system to encourage positive behaviors. The treatment programs is totally different then the adult inmates. They also get hold meals and snacks every day. The jail also has schooling for the juveniles, which is required for them to attend. The unit also has another unit that hold new arrestees and those juveniles who are a threat to staff, or other inmates. I never really knew what happens to juveniles who commit serious crime until now. With time the juvenile justice system will always change as time goes by. The Supreme Court will always hear cases that will make changes in the system. Crime is a increasing among our youths and will always be a challenging battle for us in the law enforcement community. All we can is to embrace change for the best and to understand the future lies in the hands of our children. As a Correction Officer for Pima County Sheriff Department I would like to see what happen in the aspect of juveniles in adult detention centers. References 1. Allard, Paterica and Young, Malcolm. (2002). The Sentencing Project: Prosecuting Juveniles in Adult Court. 2. Juvenile Justice Bulletin. December (2003). Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, U.S. Department of Justice. Retrieved August 30, 2005, from University of Phoenix Web site: https://mycampus.phoenix.edu/secure/resource/resource.asp http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles1/ojjdp/201370.pdf http://faculty.ncwc.edu/toconnor/294/294lect01.htm . 3. Kalinich, D., Klofas, J., & Stojkovic, S. (2003). Criminal Justice Organizations. Retrieved August 30, 2005, from University of Phoenix Web site: https://mycampus.phoenix.edu/secure/resource/resource.asp 4. Roleff, Tamara. (2000). Crime and Criminal. Greenhaven Press, Inc. 5. Simmons, Adele. (2002). A century of juvenile justice. The University of Chicago Press. 6. White, Carter. (2002). Reclaiming incarcerated youths through education. Corrections Today Volt 64, Issue 2, Apr 2002. Record Number: 123325831.

Decline of the Ottoman Empire

Decline of the Ottoman Empire The history of the Ottoman Empire in the nineteenth century is one of increasing internal weakness and deterioration. Once a super power, the Ottoman Empire fell because of a combination of internal degeneration and external pressures. Loss of economic vitality resulted as Europe went to Africa for trade and relied on the Americas rather than the Ottoman middleman. Industrialized Europe soon surpassed outdated Ottoman traditions. Poor leadership gave way to loss of centralized control, and ultimately, its collapse.Ottoman decline occurred due to economic difficulties, military issues, and demise of political structure (corruption in government). One of the main causes of the decline of the Ottoman Empire was the decline in losses due to trade, along with many stifling economic issues. At one point, the Ottoman Empire was the center of trade, due to its location. As technology advanced, and explorers discovered new parts of the world, the Ottoman Empire b ecame less of an influence in trade.This trend started as early as the 1580s, when Omer Talib, an Ottoman geographer, warned the Sultan of the threat. He said, â€Å"Now the Europeans have learnt to know the whole world; they send their ships everywhere and seize important ports. Formerly the goods†¦. used to come to Suez and were distributed by Muslims to the entire world. But now these goods are carried on Portuguese, Dutch, and English ships†¦the Ottomans must seize the shores of Yemen and the passing trade†¦otherwise Europeans will Rule† (Bernard Lewis, The Emergence of Modern Turkey, page 28).Exactly as predicted, the world trade, which used to flow through the Ottoman Empire, decreased sharply in the 17th Century. The Europeans traded directly with Asia leaving the Ottomans in the middle. The Dutch and British completely closed the old international trade routes through the Middle East. The lack of trade was not the only economic issue that brought the de cline of the Ottoman influence. Inflation played a huge role in the destabilization of central Ottoman powers, along causing unrest among the population.The Ottomans had a silver based monetary system and with the newfound metals from the Americas, it caused the sudden flow of cheap and plentiful silver, which had a catastrophic financial impact. The price of silver fell, bringing an imbalance of trade between the East and West. Eventually, guilds were unable to provide quality goods at prices low enough to compete with the cheap European manufactured goods that entered the empire without restriction due to trade agreements. This continued inflation caused prices to quadruple and the devaluation of the coin.Adding to that, much of the states’ revenue was stuck to the hands of the local elites which shows how decentralized the system had become. Although economic issues affected the Ottoman Empire greatly, they weren’t the only cause for the decline of the empire. The O ttoman Empire was known as one of the most powerful empires, but as technology advanced, their influence of power decreased. The Ottoman Empire witnessed substantial loss in their military power, as a result of the Janissaries diminishing loyalty, which was the essence of the military.These janissaries were a highly regarded military group. Although they represented and defended the Ottoman Empire, they were not of Ottoman decent, but Europeans who were trained to be loyal to the Empire. The janissaries were generally boys between the ages of 8 to 16 who came from European and Christian rural families, who had been taken to Istanbul, the capital of the empire, where they were converted to Islam. They were the glue which kept the military system together, and which made it so strong.However, starting in the mid 1600s, the Janissaries began to slowly divide amongst themselves, which caused the military system to slowly weaken. They began dividing old versus young, and reformers versus anti-reformers. The Sultans who were trying to implement reforms lost control over the Janissaries who resisted these changes because they would have meant a loss or decrease in many of their privileges. After numerous revolts, realizing that there was no chance in correcting the situation, the Sultans abolished Janissaries in 1826.This caused extreme military weakness within the Empire, and essentially caused the military system to fall in disarray and chaos. This weakening of their military made it an ideal environment for external military conflicts, allowing European powers to take over parts of the Ottoman Empire. Much of the Ottoman military demise can be blamed on the corrupt administration within the Empire. The Sultans had discovered a quick and easy way of making money by selling jobs such as tax collectors positions to the highest bidder.Government officials known as Viziers were appointed through manipulation and palace favors, as opposed to the honest being promoted up the administrative ladder through experience and ability. These viziers were responsible for the city and the affairs of the province they governed. They problem with giving someone a high position based on how much they paid is that they did not have the skills or experience to properly perform the Job. Learning from the Sultan, this trend of officials selling their position spread throughout the empire.These corrupt and unqualified officials would use their authority to squeeze more taxes from the populace. The taxes that were collected hardly went back to the state. In most cases, these viziers would just keep the revenue for themselves. The corruption started at the highest level, and worked its way down the administrative system, weakening and disrupting the Government, which caused the entire Empire to feel the consequences. The Ottoman Empire was at one point on of the vastest empires in history. Unable to keep up with the advancing global market, it became less of an influe ntial trading region.Along with an unstable economy and a high inflation on their currency, they suffered from collapse of their military. Even if the Janissaries had not revolted, and actually accepted moves toward advancing the Empires military, the industrial revolution and the shift in global trade would have starved the empire from the financial means to survive. Political corruption was a less direct cause of decline, as it took many years for the entire system to become flawed by it, however, the combination of all 3 factors brought the demise of the Ottoman EmpireWorks Cited â€Å"History of the Ottoman Empire – Decline and Fall. † History of the Ottoman Empire – Decline and Fall. N. p. , n. d. Web. 15 Nov. 2012. . Lewis, Bernard. The Emergence of Modern Turkey. London: Issued under the Auspices of the Royal Institute of International Affairs [by] Oxford U. P. , 1968. Print. Inalc? k, Halil. The Ottoman Empire; the Classical Age, 1300-1600. New York: Pra eger, 1973. Print.

Breathing Underwater by Alex Flinn Essay

Review: Breathing Underwater by Alex Flinn Breathing UnderwaterBreathing Underwater by Alex Flinn is written as a series of journal entries. The journal is written by Nick as an assignment from the judge who also sends him to anger management after the girlfriend he beat up finally presses charges. The book was published in 2001, before the recent increase in dating violence novels, and it tells a story often overlooked, that of the abuser instead of the abused. It’s a delicate subject. And it tells a hard story. Because while Nick is (obviously) not without his faults, he most certainly has his good points as well. And as I read I found myself feeling†¦ not sympathetic, exactly, but definitely feeling something, more than I thought I would. Initially, Nick is angry at being forced into these group anger management classes and he hates the idea of having to keep a journal. He doesn’t think he has a problem, thinks he just needs to pretend to clean up a little so he can get Caitlin back, get the courts out of his face and everything can be perfect again. Because we are reading Nick’s journal, we are privy to his thoughts, his perceptions and misconceptions. But we are also able to read between the lines and recognize that we are missing things, both because Nick is leaving them out and because Nick simply doesn’t see them. The initial entries into the journal are very sarcastic and emotionless. It’s clear that Nick doesn’t want to be bothered with a journal and that he thinks it’s stupid. But as Nick’s story progresses, more and more emotions leak onto the pages until Nick is really keeping a journal and using it as a way to organize his thoughts and face up to painful memories and truths. This is a book with astounding character growth. We learn enough about Nick throughout the course of the story to know that his life is not as easy or golden as his school friends always believed it to be. And Caitlin knew this, which is perhaps the reason that she stayed with him for so long, forgave him so many times. But, even though Flinn offers up Nick’s back story, allowing us to get to know who he is and what life experiences have shaped him, she never excuses or justifies his behavior, and ultimately Nick is not allowed that either. The group anger management class ends up being the best thing that ever happened to Nick, both because of the sympathetic and understanding instructor, and because Nick can see himself in the actions of some of the other members of the class and he doesn’t like what he sees. For such self-assessment to come from a 16 year old who then takes it and applies it to making himself better is amazing. Nick really grows as a person and while I don’t think Caitlin should ever take him back, I also think that he would not easily allow himself to fall back into the patterns of an abusive relationship. He really gets it. This is a story that needed to be told and needs to be read by more people. I don’t think enough people know about this book and I don’t think it’s one that should be missed. It’s painfully hard to read at times. Nick doesn’t hide the nasty things he said to Caitlin, because in the beginning, he doesn’t think there is anything wrong with what he’s done. And then, as he begins to recognize what was wrong with his actions, he starts to expose more of his internal motivations for being so cruel and the thought to action correlation begins to make more sense. Flinn is brave for taking an oft told story and telling the unspoken side of things. It would be easy, in a novel about an abuser to make him either evil and terrible or to justify his behaviors to the point of absolution. But abuse is not a misunderstanding and it’s rarely so simple as to be the actions of the truly evil. And Flinn has captured that beautifully. Nick is human. He is flawed and over time, he begins to accept that and work toward a change. THIS is what Contemporary is all about. Finding these novels that capture a moment in the human experience and open your eyes to it, make you recognize it for what it is, make you learn and grow as a person and help to open windows of understanding into subjects otherwise closed to us. Every side has two stories and it is a brave writer who can so masterfully tell the unpopular one.

Governance and Public Policy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Governance and Public Policy - Case Study Example This will be vital in constructing low income houses for the purpose of incorporating different races in the region. Good governance and public policing are a requirement in order to draw plans for housing which concentrate on the interests of all citizens regardless of race (Reinke 27). Good governance will ensure quality services and appropriate taxation that will benefit the city inhabitants. The principles of good governance will direct proper leadership hence initiation of public policies that are fundamental to the community (Reinke 29). These principles guide the commission in ensuring construction of structures that serve all races that reside in the city. Good governance will enhance proper spending of funds for the housing plans. The commission will have a responsibility of monitoring various budgets and plans for the project. This principle will guide various strategies that affect the community in terms of low income housing that incorporate diversity (Reinke 31). Good governance ensures effectiveness in conducting functions plus roles (Reinke 35). It ensures concise decisions in matters that relate management. Proper housing plan will be successful if these principles are in

H306 Mens Health Interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

H306 Mens Health Interview - Essay Example Unlike in the past when I would run my garage efficiently, I currently had to leave some of my responsibilities to my juniors a feature that has drastically reduced my earnings. Patient: Prior to the discovery of the condition, I had a health cover with a local insurance company in the city. However, the insurance catered only for the time I remained admitted in hospital. Once I was discharged, I had to pay for my subsequent visits to the hospital besides the fact that I have to buy the drugs that I use in managing the condition. The costs of drugs and regular visits to the hospitals have been unbearable for my family. As I had said, I had to relinquish some of the duties I would engage in in the past at my garage. This reduced my earnings owing to the fact that the garage is a small business. Additionally, the fact that I had to keep company at all times further complicated my lifestyle since I have to engage one of my sons. The news of my condition scared the stability of my family. On the day I collapsed, it took long for the people around me to settle on the most appropriate cause of action. I therefore nearly died at the scene. When my family eventually came to see me at the hospital, my condition broke their hearts. However, they have stayed supportive always understanding my situation and sparing money whenever possible. They have reduced their demand thereby making it easier for me to cope with my condition. Despite their support and understanding attitude, I still notice the pain n their eyes and the strain they undergo having to readjust their budgets in order to sustain me. Interviewer: Sorry for the pain sir, your condition is a result of lifestyle complications. What was your lifestyle prior to the diseases and how has this changed once you realized you have the disease? Patient: My doctors told me so too and I have in deed restructured my life in order to lengthen my life and manage the condition. I loved sugary foodstuff

Equity and Common Law Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Equity and Common Law - Research Paper Example People's only choice was to petition to the King. Later on, the system was changed and then the people's petitions were sent to the Lord Chancellor to deal with. (Development of Law Website) Soon enough the law of equity and the common law started to conflict. The fictional case of Jarndyce and Jarndyce in Bleak House written by Charles Dickens is one classic example of such a case. Litigants would go 'jurisdiction shopping' and often would seek an equitable injunction prohibiting the enforcement of a common law court order. The penalty for disobeying an equitable 'common injunction' and enforcing a common law judgment was imprisonment. (Cockburn & Shirley, 2005) The resolution of the conflict came in the Earl of Oxford's case in 1615 where a judgment of Coke CJ was allegedly obtained by fraud. The Lord Chancellor had issued a common injunction out of the Chancery prohibiting the enforcement of the common law order locking the two courts in a stalemate. Attorney-General at that time, Sir Francis Bacon, upheld the use of the common injunction and concluded that in the event of any conflict between the common law and the equity, equity would prevail. Thus the people's petitions were started to be dealt justly. ... Later in 1870, Equity and Common Law court's administration were fused in England in the Judicature Acts of the 1870s into one unified court system. (Cockburn & Shirley, 2005) Equity Generally, Equity means fairness. But according to the English law, it refers to the body of rules originally enforced only by the Court of the Chancery. It is referred to as a supplement to the common law since it fills in the gaps and makes the English legal system more complete. According to the Farlex Encyclopedia, it is defined as a "System of law supplementing the ordinary rules of law where the application of these would operate harshly in a particular case". Sometimes it is regarded as an attempt to achieve 'natural justice'. Equity created new rights and as a result of it, new procedures were introduced such as the right to subpoena and discovery of documents.

Skin put Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Skin put - Assignment Example The basic reason behind this research analysis was to take the opinion of the public about the product. The results of the research study are showing the concerns of the people regarding the skinput technology. Most of the young people are supporting it whereas some other critics are also augmenting on the sensitivity of the skinput technology. Mostly people are of the opinion that this gadget is useful and easy to use for giving commands etc. The level of creativity and innovation is very high in this Microsoft product Skinput. Despite all such advantages people argue that the price of the technology is high. They may not be able to afford it. The cost aspect is very important from both sides, i.e. customer and the company (Beirut 1). Many of the critics also argue that the health issues related to the technology. Initially the mobile phone technology also faced many argument regarding harmful rays and signals, which may disturb the natural audible sense of a person. It is the case with this Microsoft’s skinput technology. People are very much concerned that either it would harm the body or not. Obviously when the device is directly connected to the human body, the people may get suspicious about its effects. Some people also argue on the small size of the skinput device. The small size of the device may reduce the function ability of the product. The skinput device as compare to other digital devices, which are larger and thus provide a wide space for the viewers, may irritate people. In order to make the product more popular and famous in the public the marketing managers must focus on the advertising and promotion of the technology. The product will be successful when people will replace their existing mobile phones with this skinput technology. A true advertising campaign actually gives benefit when people perceive the specific product as the necessary item of their

Mattel Confronts Its Marketing Challenges Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mattel Confronts Its Marketing Challenges - Essay Example This research will try to explain how Mattel confronts its marketing challenges. In the adverts, the company should ensure that it clearly explains the company profile to the clients as well as the functionality of the new product. Furthermore, effective marketing will need the company to have a clearly defined market or consumers of that particular product. For instance, Mattel to producing company will be introducing a new toy on the market shortly. Among the products to be introduced in the market, include the board games toys and WWE toys. However, for this product to sell to its expectation, the company management has to ensure that it correctly markets the products to its esteemed clients across the world. However, for the new product to be active in the market, it will have to be sold at most affordable prices. Moreover, the products should be able to meet customer expectations in terms of quality and durability. The assumptions that can be expected with the introduction of the new product in the market are the constant demand of the product. The management of the company needs not to assume the annual demand and supply of board games toys as well as the WWE toys. It is because an increase in market boundary will mean that supply will need to be an increase. On the other hand, the manufacturing of the product should also be able to meet the demands of the customer at any particular time. In addition, the company should also not assume the availability of tough completion in the market from the companies producing the same products.

Logistics and Supply Chain Management Case Study

Logistics and Supply Chain Management - Case Study Example This discussion stresses that a supply chain may not be used to only cut costs. Instead, it could also be used to increase revenues and hence profits. The costs could still remain the same. It gives an organization a competitive advantage against its competitors. It does not allow any sale to be lost. When the customer wants something, an effective supply chain would ensure that it is available. This increases the customer’s interest in the company and encourages brand loyalty. It also helps keep a close contact with the suppliers which ensures that maximum advantage can be gained out of doing business with them.This paper highlights that Zara is one of the largest brands, by the Inditex Fashion Retail Group, that has 723 stores in 56 countries making sales of Euro 3.8 billion. Zara has a very high product turnover. It makes more than 11,000 products annually. The annual report of Zara (Inditex) for the fiscal year 2006 covers all activities from February 2006 to January 2007. Zara opened 138 new stores during the past year, increasing its selling area by 15%. The sales were an increase of 21% at Euro 5,352 million. It earned net profit of Euro 1 billion an increase of 25%, was in contrast to last year’s profit. The sales in Europe, with exception to Spain, were 40.6% of the total. After considering all this impressive data and the number of shops, it is clear why a widespread company like Zara needs a supply chain which is efficient.... When the customer wants something, an effective supply chain would ensure that it is available. This increases the customer's interest in the company and encourages brand loyalty. It also helps keep a close contact with the suppliers which ensures that maximum advantage can be gained out of doing business with them. Zara is one of the largest brands, by the Inditex Fashion Retail Group, that has 723 stores in 56 countries making sales of Euro 3.8 billion (India Supply Chain Council, 2006). Zara has a very high product turnover. It makes more than 11,000 products annually. The annual report of Zara (Inditex) for the fiscal year 2006 covers all activities from February 2006 to January 2007. Zara opened 138 new stores during the past year, increasing its selling area by 15%. The sales were an increase of 21% at Euro 5,352 million. It earned net profit of Euro 1 billion (Safe G., 2007) an increase of 25%, was in contrast to last year's profit. The sales in Europe, with exception to Spain, were 40.6% of the total. (Inditex Annual Report, 2007) After considering all this impressive data and the number of shops, it is clear why a widespread company like Zara needs a supply chain which is efficient. Zara's fashion is based on imitation; it copies designs from the catwalk and other spots and brings them to their customers at low prices in as little as a couple of weeks. Since this is all the time that is given to them, the whole process of designing, ordering, producing and delivering the clothes to the stores must be quick and timely. If this is not done, Zara will not have enough new items to bring to the shelves (which is its technique) every two weeks. Since Zara does not advertise, this is the only way it can attract customers. When the

Rising to the Call with Sound Political Leadership Research Paper

Rising to the Call with Sound Political Leadership - Research Paper Example Through wise decisions, meaningful and sincere rhetoric, and the ability to assert his authority as needed, President Abraham Lincoln was an example of a true leader within the American political landscape. Leadership in the political arena requires a certain amount of detachment from sentimentality so that decision making can be done without the burdens of emotions that will cause too long of hesitation in action. This doesn’t mean that emotions are not present, but that they can be controlled in order to act within a larger framework of the greater good. Vivian Holliday, professor of history from the College of Wooster, discusses the nature of leadership as it is presented through both Machiavelli and Socratic/Platonic principles. She states that: Machiavelli is the principal founder of a ‘realist’ theory of leadership that portrays politics as a pure struggle for power in which all moral considerations are set aside, and that focuses the theory and practice of leadership on success as measured solely in terms of the acquisition and maintenance of power and the protection and promotion of the interests of the nation-state or some other political collectivity† (Holliday 51). ... Holliday also includes in her discussion the more idealistic Socratic/Platonic concept of political leadership suggesting that it should be tempered with the Machiavellian concepts. Through this interpretation of political leadership, the leader is integrally connected to followers and to morals, his or her platform, and idealism defining a virtue with which he or she leads. Holliday states that â€Å"The rhetorical strategy of this image of the ideal philosopher-leader is again most visible when we consider critically the image of new leadership that is vested with Socratic/Platonic knowledge and virtue and that leads through dialogue and education† (63). This also suggests that beyond the connectivity to followers and morals, a good leader uses communication and academically founded intelligent consideration in leading his people through whatever conflict that arises.

Reliability Essay Example for Free

Reliability Essay The most known and widely used types of reliability are: parallel forms, test-retest, interrater, and internal consistency reliability. Reliability is important because it gives precision, accuracy and dependable answers in researches. Consistency of measurement means there is a reliable measurement. If a method or particular piece of research is not reliable, researchers will and should lack confidence that the results obtained would be obtain again, and can thus hardly be confident that they reflect reality. Even though that several examples of research, which reach similar results, even if the research is not strictly replicable, may still help researchers to increase their confidence in reliability, and perhaps also guide them toward appreciating the range of applicability of a theory (Kurpius Stafford, 2006). Standard scores are the scores that are comparable because they are standardized in units of standard deviation while percentile or a percentile rank is a point in a distribution of scores below which a given percentage of scores fall. It is a particular point within an entire distribution of scores. Percentile ranks have one major disadvantage in comparison to standard scores: percentile ranks have unequal units along their scale. Percentile ranks in the middle of the distribution tend to overemphasize differences between standard scores, where as percentile ranks at the tails of the distribution tend to underemphasize difference performance. The measure of central tendency is a statistical technique wherein a single number is used to represent a group of numbers. Three different central tendency measures that are usually applied in researches are the mean, median and mode. These central tendency measures are significant because they have their own importance in measuring the central tendency. Mean provides the best estimate of average. However median is more reliable because it is clear and fixed on the other hand, mode is used when a quick and approximate measure of central tendency is required.

Paradise Lost by John Milton Essay Example for Free

Paradise Lost by John Milton Essay 1 Language has the ability to make sin look attractive Tis Pity was published by John Ford in 1633 and is set in Italy, the heart of the Renassiance. John Milton published Paradise Lost in 1667, relatively soon after John Ford, and was the first epic poem to be written in blank verse. Both writers push the boundaries of literature by exploring untouched, taboo subjects: incest and The Fall of Man. During this period of time, soon after the Renassiance period, many artists and writers were challenging society by introducing a range of different styles and genres. This meant that Ford and Milton both intended to tempt controversy through their pieces of literature; yet, the seductive choice of language has instead caused an attractiveness to both texts. It is this attraction to the language, and utter skill behind these writers intentions, that has enabled both texts to withstand the test of time. In Book Nine of Paradise Lost, Milton begins to introduce Satan as the Serpent; however, he manages to draw the audience away from Satans intentions by presenting his physical beauty. As the Serpent Addressed his way towards Eve, with the desire to cause corruption, he moves not with intended wave. Instead, he towers fould above fould a surging Maze, with the colours of Verdant Gold. By giving the Serpent distinct characteristics, he is separating him from the other creatures in the Garden of Eden, therefore drawing Eves attention to his uniqueness. The repetition of fould above fould gives the sense of an illusion, something which Eves eyesight is unable to comprehend; which is then reinforced by surging Maze, giving this illusion speed and power, causing a greater confusion on Eves behalf. The vivid description of verdant Gold gives the Serpent a very rich colouring, thus reiterating his importance in the Garden. When Satan finally decides to confront Eve, he becomes erect, giving himself a sense of empowerment. This is when Miltons narration confirms the beauty of his language, as he mentions how pleasing was his shape / and lovely. For an audience, this outsid e interpretation almost gives a sense of comfort, as they too are lost in his physical beauty. Finally, as the Serpent begins to speak, his ability to compliment and seduce enables him to make his way into the heart of Eve. There are clear similarites between Satan in Paradise Lost and Vasques in Tis Pity: both have a masterful use of rhetoric. As Vasque attempts to gather information from Putana, he mentions how her by proving themselves  to be devoted to these women, they are appealing to their naivity and giving a false sense of trust. Their seductive use of language causes them to become impassioned, as they begin to realise their ability to attract these women. The absence and withdrawal of language in both texts is equally as attractive to an audience. In Paradise Lost Book Nine, the pivotal point when Eve eats the Forbidden Fruit is simply expressed in four words, she plucked, she eat. The use of these monosyllables reinforces how emphasis can be achieved through simplicity. Extending on this further, Miltons constant elaboration and care to detail is deliberately dismissed here to send an even greater message to his audience: mankind cannot blame Eve for causing the Fall as she simply ate the fruit. By refusing to focus on Eves decision to eat the Fruit, he is daringly challenging conventional views that women are the only cause of sin. John Ford in Tis Pity has a similar intention through his portrayal of Hippolyta; her refusal to be silenced goes against the view of womens inferiority. This is achieved in Act Two Scene two, as she powerfully enters with Tis I;. These two words are separate from the rest of her speech in order to hold suspense and give her a greater presence on stage. Fords intention is for the audience to immediately be drawn to her in preparation for her criticism towards Soranzo. As both Ford and Milton are so skilled in writing attractively and deliberately trying to engage an audience, it is even more effective when they suddenly withdraw; the audience become responsible in using their own imagination, in attempt to understand the message these writers intend to express. In Tis Pity, the most effective use of language is through convincing an audience that Giovanni and Annabella have a natural, loving relationship. In Act One Scene Two, when Giovanni admits his love for Annabella and she responds evenly, he ends the scene with After so many tears as we have wept, lets learn to court in smiles, to kiss and sleep. Finally Giovanni is no longer impassioned, I have too long suppressed the hidden flames, and is instead able to appreciate the natural rawness of their love. Not only that, but by referring to their ability to weep, smile, kiss and sleep, he is expressing emotions which audiences are able to relate to; proving that their relationship isnt as unnatural as first assumed. During this particular moment, the audience become so engaged in the text that they forget about the theme of incest and instead support the  purity of their relationship. John Miltons depiction of Satan creates a similar sense of curiosity into the ability to sympathise with him. This is highlighted when he observes Eve for the first time and becomes of enmitie disarmd/ of guile, of hate, of envie, of revenge. The repetition of guile, hate, envie, revenge proves how Satan is gradually striped of his emotions associated with evil, and is instead left vulnerable through his admiration. The power of Eves beauty forces him to become abstracted from his own evil, thus demonstrating the ability to respond humanely. During this moment, Milton is allowing the audience the opportunity to make their own viewpoint of Satan; isolated from the conventional, one-dimensial presentation of him. The beauty of both texts is not caused by convincing the audience that sin is attractive, but instead pushing them into sympathising, admiring and simply enjoying pieces of literature beyond expectation.